Table 1 A non-comprehensive selection of open environmental data for navigational cues and environmental variables
From: A new data-driven paradigm for the study of avian migratory navigation
Cue or variable | Data description | Example data sources |
|---|---|---|
Sun and stars | Astronomical software packages | There are many, but we give some examples: R packages suncalc [65] or suntools [66] for position of the Sun and moon; Python library AstroPy [67] for Sun and star calculations |
Visual landmarks | GIS and other spatial data on geographical features, points of interest etc. | There are many sources, from global data bases (OpenStreetMap (OSM) [68], Natural Earth [69]) to national sources (Digimap [70] in UK) |
Earth’s magnetic field | Terrestrial measurements | International Real-Time Magnetic Observatory Network INTERMAGNET [71] |
Earth’s magnetic field | Satellite measurements | Data from ESA Swarm constellation [72] |
Atmospheric composition | Terrestrial measurements | Data from national air pollution networks, e.g. UK Air [73]; global WHO Air quality database [74] |
Atmospheric composition | Satellite measurements | Data from Sentinel-5P [75], Aura [76], MISR instrument on Terra satellite [77], MAIA satellite [78] |
Environmental infrasound | Data on wave height, used to model natural infrasound | Satellite data from Sentinel-3 [79]; wave height data from ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis [80] |
Environmental infrasound | Data on anthropogenic infrasound | Seismic noise data from the International Federation of Digital Seismometer Networks [81]; human mobility data for road traffic noise [82] |
Wind and weather | Meteorological and climate data | ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data of the hourly global climate conditions [80]; data from national meteorological agencies, e.g. UK MetOffice data [83] |